{"id":13223,"date":"2026-02-24T03:39:20","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T03:39:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/?p=13223"},"modified":"2026-06-04T09:53:04","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T09:53:04","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%8a%d8%b2-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d9%88%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-ppr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-distinguish-the-quality-of-a-ppr-pipe-and-fitting.html","title":{"rendered":"\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #444444;color:#444444\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #444444;color:#444444\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-distinguish-the-quality-of-a-ppr-pipe-and-fitting.html\/#1_Introduction\" >1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-distinguish-the-quality-of-a-ppr-pipe-and-fitting.html\/#2_Traditional_Quality_Benchmarks_Technical_Specifications\" >2. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-distinguish-the-quality-of-a-ppr-pipe-and-fitting.html\/#3_Advanced_Engineering_Validation_via_International_Standards\" >3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-distinguish-the-quality-of-a-ppr-pipe-and-fitting.html\/#4_Certifications_Standards_The_%E2%80%9CGlobal_Passport%E2%80%9D_for_Quality\" >4. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631: &quot;\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a&quot; \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-distinguish-the-quality-of-a-ppr-pipe-and-fitting.html\/#5_How_Ctube_Executes_Engineering_Precision_in_Real-World_Manufacturing\" >5. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 Ctube \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-distinguish-the-quality-of-a-ppr-pipe-and-fitting.html\/#6_Conclusion\" >6. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-distinguish-the-quality-of-a-ppr-pipe-and-fitting.html\/#7_FAQs\" >7. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Introduction\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 - \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0642.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a8-ppr\/\">\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a PPR (\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646)<\/a> <\/strong><\/span>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629: \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 50 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a PPR \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0631\u0639 &quot;\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0629&quot; \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 PPR \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a PPR \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0629. \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Traditional_Quality_Benchmarks_Technical_Specifications\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>2. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13234 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Visual-Inspection-Identifying-Quality-at-a-Glance.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Visual-Inspection-Identifying-Quality-at-a-Glance.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Visual-Inspection-Identifying-Quality-at-a-Glance-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Visual-Inspection-Identifying-Quality-at-a-Glance-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Visual-Inspection-Identifying-Quality-at-a-Glance-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Visual-Inspection-Identifying-Quality-at-a-Glance-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\ud83d\udca1 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"7,1\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646:<\/b> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 (\u2264 0.3 \u062c\u0645\/10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,1,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,1,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c:<\/b> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u061b \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 CW617N \u0623\u0648 DZR.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,1,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,1,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/b> \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 100 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 95 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>2.1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 PPR \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (MTC) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'Jost', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; min-width: 600px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #003473; color: white; text-align: left;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>HPb59-1 (\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #d9e6f2;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>CW617N \/ CW614N<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 DZR<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #d9e6f2;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 (\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u0641)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0647\u0634<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\/\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628.<\/strong> \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0629&quot; \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\">2.2 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14\"><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 106px; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #003473; border-style: solid;\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 24px; width: 16.8718%;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 24px; width: 32.0782%;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 DZR \/ CW617N<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 24px; width: 51.1224%;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \/ \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 (HPb59-1)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 24px; width: 16.8718%; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\" data-path-to-node=\"16,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"16,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 (Pb)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 24px; width: 32.0782%; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\" data-path-to-node=\"16,1,1,0\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u2264 2.2% \u2013 3.5%<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 24px; width: 51.1224%; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\" data-path-to-node=\"16,1,2,0\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 4.5%\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 24px; width: 16.8718%; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\" data-path-to-node=\"16,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"16,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 24px; width: 32.0782%; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\" data-path-to-node=\"16,2,1,0\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 24px; width: 51.1224%; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\" data-path-to-node=\"16,2,2,0\">\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 24px; width: 16.8718%; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\" data-path-to-node=\"16,3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"16,3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 24px; width: 32.0782%; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\" data-path-to-node=\"16,3,1,0\"><span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"\\ge\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u2265 <\/span>430 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u061b \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 24px; width: 51.1224%; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\" data-path-to-node=\"16,3,2,0\">&lt; 300 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u061b \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 16.8718%; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\" data-path-to-node=\"16,4,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"16,4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0623\u062e\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 32.0782%; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\" data-path-to-node=\"16,4,1,0\">\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 51.1224%; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\" data-path-to-node=\"16,4,2,0\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\">2.3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 &quot;\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629&quot;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 120px; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #003473; border-style: solid;\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20.9269%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.6575%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 PPR<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 46.3432%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20.9269%; background-color: #ffffff; height: 24px;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"20,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.6575%; background-color: #ffffff; height: 24px;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"20,1,1,0\">\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 95 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 46.3432%; background-color: #ffffff; height: 24px;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"20,1,2,0\">\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 95 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20.9269%; height: 24px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"20,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.6575%; height: 24px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"20,2,1,0\">3.5 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 46.3432%; height: 24px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"20,2,2,0\">3.5 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20.9269%; background-color: #ffffff; height: 24px;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"20,3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.6575%; background-color: #ffffff; height: 24px;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"20,3,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,3,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">1000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 42 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 46.3432%; background-color: #ffffff; height: 24px;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"20,3,2,0\">\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 50 \u0625\u0644\u0649 150 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20.9269%; height: 24px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"20,4,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.6575%; height: 24px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"20,4,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,4,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642.<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 46.3432%; height: 24px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"20,4,2,0\">\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Advanced_Engineering_Validation_via_International_Standards\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><b><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13236 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Dimensional-Precision-Navigating-SDR-DR-and-Pressure-Ratings.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Dimensional-Precision-Navigating-SDR-DR-and-Pressure-Ratings.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Dimensional-Precision-Navigating-SDR-DR-and-Pressure-Ratings-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Dimensional-Precision-Navigating-SDR-DR-and-Pressure-Ratings-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Dimensional-Precision-Navigating-SDR-DR-and-Pressure-Ratings-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Dimensional-Precision-Navigating-SDR-DR-and-Pressure-Ratings-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"25,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\ud83d\udca1 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"25,1\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"25,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">ISO 15874-1:<\/b> \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 (PP-R) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 4 (PP-RCT) \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,1,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"25,1,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">ASTM D2837:<\/b> \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,1,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"25,1,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">DVGW W543:<\/b> \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 (10000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637) \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"26\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\">3.1 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 (ISO 15874-1): \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0632 &quot;PPR&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 PP-H \u0623\u0648 PP-B) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. <b data-path-to-node=\"13\" data-index-in-node=\"359\">ISO 15874-1<\/b>, \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 <b data-path-to-node=\"13\" data-index-in-node=\"394\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 (PP-R)<\/b> \u0623\u0648 <b data-path-to-node=\"13\" data-index-in-node=\"411\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 4 (PP-RCT)<\/b> \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 ISO 15874-1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 120px; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #003473; border-style: solid;\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.6408%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1231%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.1636%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.6408%; background-color: #fcfcfc; height: 24px;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"30,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"30,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">PP-H (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1231%; background-color: #fcfcfc; height: 24px;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"30,1,1,0\">\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.1636%; background-color: #fcfcfc; height: 24px;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"30,1,2,0\">\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u061b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.6408%; height: 24px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"30,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"30,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">PP-B (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1231%; height: 24px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"30,2,1,0\">\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.1636%; height: 24px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"30,2,2,0\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.6408%; background-color: #fcfcfc; height: 24px;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"30,3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"30,3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">PP-R (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1231%; background-color: #fcfcfc; height: 24px;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"30,3,1,0\">\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.1636%; background-color: #fcfcfc; height: 24px;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"30,3,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"30,3,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/b> \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.6408%; height: 24px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"30,4,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"30,4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">PP-RCT (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 4)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1231%; height: 24px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"30,4,1,0\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a PP (\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.1636%; height: 24px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"30,4,2,0\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 (70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 - 95 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\">3.2 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0639 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0637&quot; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 LTHS (ASTM D2837): \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a&quot;. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 PPR \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 PPR \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 <b data-path-to-node=\"15\" data-index-in-node=\"365\">ASTM D2837<\/b> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 (LTHS)\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><strong>ASTM D2837 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 94px; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #003473; border-style: solid;\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.6408%; height: 22px; border-style: solid;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1231%; height: 22px; border-style: solid;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 (\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.1636%; height: 22px; border-style: solid;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 (\u0641\u0634\u0644 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644&quot;)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.6408%; height: 24px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"34,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"34,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0628\u0639\u062f 10000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1231%; height: 24px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"34,1,1,0\">\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.1636%; height: 24px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"34,1,2,0\">\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.6408%; height: 48px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"34,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"34,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0639\u0646\u062f 100,000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1231%; height: 48px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"34,2,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"34,2,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631:<\/b> \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u061b \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.1636%; height: 48px; background-color: #d9e6f2;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"34,2,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"34,2,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a:<\/b> \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 <b data-path-to-node=\"34,2,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"39\">\u201c&quot;\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639&quot;\u201d<\/b>, \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\">3.3 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 (DVGW W543): \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643. <b data-path-to-node=\"17\" data-index-in-node=\"454\">DVGW W543<\/b> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 10000 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 120px; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.1926%; background-color: #003473;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.0652%; background-color: #003473;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.8776%; background-color: #003473;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.7922%; background-color: #003473;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.1926%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"38,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.0652%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,1,1,0\">ISO 15874-5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.8776%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,1,2,0\">10000 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (30\u00b15) \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 15 \u0628\u0627\u0631) \u0639\u0646\u062f 23 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.7922%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,1,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"38,1,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.1926%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"38,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.0652%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,2,1,0\">DVGW W543<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.8776%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,2,2,0\">5000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f (\u2264 25 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 (85 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629).<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.7922%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,2,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"38,2,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.1926%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"38,3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 (Pb)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.0652%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,3,1,0\">DVGW W543<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.8776%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,3,2,0\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u2264 3.5% (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u2264 2.2%).<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.7922%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,3,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"38,3,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628.<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.1926%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,4,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"38,4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062e (As)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.0652%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,4,1,0\">DVGW W543<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.8776%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,4,2,0\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u2264 0.15% (\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u2264 0.1% \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646).<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.7922%;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"38,4,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"38,4,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629.<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Certifications_Standards_The_%E2%80%9CGlobal_Passport%E2%80%9D_for_Quality\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>4. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631: &quot;\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a&quot; \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-13235\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Certifications-Standards-The-Global-Passport-for-Quality.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631: \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Certifications-Standards-The-Global-Passport-for-Quality.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Certifications-Standards-The-Global-Passport-for-Quality-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Certifications-Standards-The-Global-Passport-for-Quality-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Certifications-Standards-The-Global-Passport-for-Quality-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Certifications-Standards-The-Global-Passport-for-Quality-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 PPR\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>ISO 15874:<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>DIN 8077\/8078:<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629. <\/span><b>DIN 8077<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 <\/span><b>DIN 8078<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a&quot; \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 PPR.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>NSF\/ANSI 61:<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 <\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PPR \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 BPA \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643. <\/span><b>\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 (TDS)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a (RA130E)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u063a (R200P)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u060c \u0623\u0648 <\/span><b>\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0644<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_How_Ctube_Executes_Engineering_Precision_in_Real-World_Manufacturing\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\">5. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 Ctube \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13172 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/What-Is-a-PPR-Piping-System.jpg\" alt=\"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Ctube \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/What-Is-a-PPR-Piping-System.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/What-Is-a-PPR-Piping-System-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/What-Is-a-PPR-Piping-System-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/What-Is-a-PPR-Piping-System-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/What-Is-a-PPR-Piping-System-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"23,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"23,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\ud83d\udca1 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"23,1\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"23,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"23,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0629:<\/b> \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u063a PP-R \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a 100% \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"23,1,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"23,1,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645:<\/b> \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 1000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"23,1,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"23,1,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/b> \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"23,1,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"23,1,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/b> \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0641\u064a Ctube\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642.<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"25\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"25,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0629:<\/b> \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0645 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0633. \u0646\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. <b data-path-to-node=\"25,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"225\">\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c PP-R \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u063a<\/b>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 ASTM D2837.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"25,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631:<\/b> \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628. \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 Ctube \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 95 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 1000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"25,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642:<\/b> \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Ctube \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 CE \u0648 NSF). \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"25,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/b> \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f Ctube \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 3 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PPR\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"26\"><i data-path-to-node=\"26\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\ud83d\udc49<strong><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><a style=\"color: #003473;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%84\/\"> \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 B2B<\/a><\/span> \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Conclusion\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>6. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13212 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/The-Science-Behind-PPR-Pipe.jpg\" alt=\"\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a Ctube PPR \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/The-Science-Behind-PPR-Pipe.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/The-Science-Behind-PPR-Pipe-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/The-Science-Behind-PPR-Pipe-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/The-Science-Behind-PPR-Pipe-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/The-Science-Behind-PPR-Pipe-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PPR \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 ISO \u0648 DIN.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Ctube\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627. \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0636\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629! \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 Ctube \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643\u0645.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (PPR).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-13166\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PPR-Pipe-FAQs.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PPR-Pipe-FAQs.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PPR-Pipe-FAQs-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PPR-Pipe-FAQs-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PPR-Pipe-FAQs-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PPR-Pipe-FAQs-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_FAQs\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>7. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div id=\"rank-math-rich-snippet-wrapper\"><div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 PPR \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646&quot;. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f &quot;\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621&quot; \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a PPR\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 ISO 15874)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &quot;\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PN20 \u0648 PN25 PPR\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\"\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 &quot;PN&quot; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631).<\/p>\n<p>PN20: \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20 \u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>PN25: \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 25 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 PN \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 PPR (\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629) \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631). \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 &quot;\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b&quot;\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &quot;\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629&quot; \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 PPR\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 Ctube \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 7.4.7.1 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 DVGW W543 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 Ctube PPR\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 8 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-8\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Ctube \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644&quot; \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a ASTM D2837 \u0648ISO 15874-2. \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 (100% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u063a PP-R) \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f (LTHS) \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 100000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-9\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 PPR \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 Ctube \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a DVGW W543 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 4.5.2.3\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 EN (\u0645\u062b\u0644 CW617N) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0646\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 (Pb) \u2264 3.5%\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062e (As) \u2264 0.15%. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-10\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 PPR \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 12 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 15874-5. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 10000 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 30 \u00b1 5 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (\u062d\u062a\u0649 15.0 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 8 \u0628\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-11\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 260 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629). \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 (MTC) \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Introduction When you are building a home or managing a large-scale construction project, it is easy to focus on the things you can see\u2014the marble countertops, the designer faucets, or the elegant tiling.\u00a0 However, the most critical component of your property is something you will likely never see again once the project is finished: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13226,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[350,143],"tags":[336,334,337,361],"class_list":["post-13223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-plumbing-solutions","category-industry-news","tag-ppr","tag-ppr-pipe","tag-ppr-pipe-fittings","tag-ppr-pipe-quality"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13223","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13223"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13223\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14466,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13223\/revisions\/14466"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13223"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13223"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13223"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0648\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}