{"id":14275,"date":"2026-04-23T09:35:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T09:35:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/?p=14275"},"modified":"2026-05-26T09:11:42","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T09:11:42","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%b5%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-ppr-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a8-%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-choose-the-right-ppr-valve-for-your-plumbing-system.html","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a PPR: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ISO\/NSF \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #444444;color:#444444\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #444444;color:#444444\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-choose-the-right-ppr-valve-for-your-plumbing-system.html\/#1_Introduction\" >1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-choose-the-right-ppr-valve-for-your-plumbing-system.html\/#2_What_Is_a_PPR_Valve_Engineering_Definition_Structural_Dynamics\" >2. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 PPR\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-choose-the-right-ppr-valve-for-your-plumbing-system.html\/#3_Piping_Code_Compliance_Sourcing_Secrets_%E2%80%9CCompliant%E2%80%9D_vs_%E2%80%9CCertified%E2%80%9D\" >3. \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628: &quot;\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642&quot; \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 &quot;\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f&quot;\u201c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-choose-the-right-ppr-valve-for-your-plumbing-system.html\/#4_Sourcing_Secrets_The_Hidden_Mechanical_Vulnerabilities_of_Brass_Inserts\" >4. \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f: \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-choose-the-right-ppr-valve-for-your-plumbing-system.html\/#5_Advanced_Valve_Selection_Guide_for_PPR_Piping_Systems_by_Application\" >5. \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-choose-the-right-ppr-valve-for-your-plumbing-system.html\/#6_Sourcing_PPR_Valves_The_Ctube_Zero-Risk_Manufacturing_Guarantee\" >6. \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a PPR: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 Ctube<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-choose-the-right-ppr-valve-for-your-plumbing-system.html\/#7_Conclusion\" >7. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-choose-the-right-ppr-valve-for-your-plumbing-system.html\/#8_Engineering_References_International_Code_Registries\" >8. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/how-to-choose-the-right-ppr-valve-for-your-plumbing-system.html\/#9_FAQs\" >9. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Introduction\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-14332\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Valve-Selection-Guide-for-PPR-Piping-Systems-by-Application.jpg\" alt=\"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Valve-Selection-Guide-for-PPR-Piping-Systems-by-Application.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Valve-Selection-Guide-for-PPR-Piping-Systems-by-Application-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Valve-Selection-Guide-for-PPR-Piping-Systems-by-Application-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Valve-Selection-Guide-for-PPR-Piping-Systems-by-Application-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Valve-Selection-Guide-for-PPR-Piping-Systems-by-Application-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11\">\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a PPR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12\">\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a PPR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_What_Is_a_PPR_Valve_Engineering_Definition_Structural_Dynamics\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>2. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 PPR\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-14333 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/What-Are-PPR-Valves.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 PPR\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/What-Are-PPR-Valves.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/What-Are-PPR-Valves-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/What-Are-PPR-Valves-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/What-Are-PPR-Valves-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/What-Are-PPR-Valves-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote data-path-to-node=\"15\">\n<p data-path-to-node=\"15,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"15,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a (PPR) \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633. \u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 23 \u00b1 2 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 82 \u00b1 2 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 ISO 15874 \u0648 NSF.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"16\">\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a PPR\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0636\u063a\u0637 - \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 100% \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a (CLTE). \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643) \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 PPR \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Piping_Code_Compliance_Sourcing_Secrets_%E2%80%9CCompliant%E2%80%9D_vs_%E2%80%9CCertified%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\">3. \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628: &quot;\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642&quot; \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 &quot;\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f&quot;\u201c<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0648\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 <i data-path-to-node=\"20\" data-index-in-node=\"234\">\u201c&quot;\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640&quot;\u201d<\/i> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648 <b data-path-to-node=\"20\" data-index-in-node=\"351\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\">\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 PPR \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 PPR \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f<\/span><\/h3>\n<table data-path-to-node=\"21\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u201c&quot;\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642&quot; (\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u201c&quot;\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f&quot; (\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"21,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,1,1,0\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,1,2,0\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <b data-path-to-node=\"21,1,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"76\">\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (NSF)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (WRAS)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a (DVGW)<\/b>.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"21,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,2,1,0\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,2,2,0\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a PPR \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 100%.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"21,3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,3,1,0\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,3,2,0\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,4,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"21,4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,4,1,0\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u061b \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,4,2,0\">\u0635\u0641\u0631\u061b \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\">\u0641\u0643 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 15874 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a 5000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 PPR\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 ISO 15874 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #003473;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a ISO 15874<\/span><\/h4>\n<table data-path-to-node=\"24\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 ISO 15874<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (TD)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u064a \u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Tmax)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 (Tmal\u200b) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"24,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,1,1,0\">\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 (60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,1,2,0\">60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,1,3,0\">49 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,1,4,0\">70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,1,5,0\">95 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (100 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"24,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,2,1,0\">\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 (70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,2,2,0\">70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,2,3,0\">49 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,2,4,0\">80 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,2,5,0\">95 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (100 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"24,3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,3,1,0\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24,3,2,0\">20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24,3,2,2\">60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24,3,2,4\">80 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24,3,3,0\">\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24,3,3,2\">25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24,3,3,4\">\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,3,4,0\">90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"24,3,5,0\">100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (100 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 <b data-path-to-node=\"25\" data-index-in-node=\"22\">\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/b> \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ISO\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 15874-5. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a. <b data-path-to-node=\"25\" data-index-in-node=\"182\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/b> \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"26\">\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064d: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0640 <b data-path-to-node=\"26\" data-index-in-node=\"155\">5000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/b> (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064890 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a). \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 1000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 15874-5 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"26\"><span style=\"color: #003473;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 NSF\/ANSI 61 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 SPAC<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"28\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NSF\/ANSI\/CAN 61 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 8)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a PPR \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 - \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"29\">\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 NSF \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641 <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"\\le\" data-index-in-node=\"155\">\u2264<\/span> 15 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"\\le\" data-index-in-node=\"155\">\u2264<\/span>\u00a02 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 <b data-path-to-node=\"29\" data-index-in-node=\"243\">\u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/b>. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a 8 \u0648 10) \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"30\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0642\u0642\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (NSF) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 <b data-path-to-node=\"30\" data-index-in-node=\"89\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (RV)<\/b> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 <b data-path-to-node=\"30\" data-index-in-node=\"176\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (SPAC)<\/b>. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 SPAC \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f SPAC \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 NSF \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Sourcing_Secrets_The_Hidden_Mechanical_Vulnerabilities_of_Brass_Inserts\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>4. \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f: \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-14326 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Application-of-PPR-Valve.jpg\" alt=\"\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f: \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Application-of-PPR-Valve.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Application-of-PPR-Valve-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Application-of-PPR-Valve-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Application-of-PPR-Valve-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Application-of-PPR-Valve-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 PPR\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a <b data-path-to-node=\"33\" data-index-in-node=\"283\">90% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623<\/b>. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #003473;\">4.1 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642&quot; \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"35\">\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <b data-path-to-node=\"35\" data-index-in-node=\"220\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643<\/b> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627: \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"36\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 <b data-path-to-node=\"36\" data-index-in-node=\"80\">\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0634<\/b> \u0648 <b data-path-to-node=\"36\" data-index-in-node=\"102\">\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a<\/b> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646. \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"37\">\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 PPR \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 100% \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #003473;\">4.2 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 (DZR)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"39\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639: <b data-path-to-node=\"39\" data-index-in-node=\"124\">\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643<\/b>. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"40\">\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"41\">\u0648\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. <b data-path-to-node=\"41\" data-index-in-node=\"82\">\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 CW617N<\/b> \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f <b data-path-to-node=\"41\" data-index-in-node=\"108\">\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 DZR (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643).<\/b>. \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 CW617N \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062e) \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Advanced_Valve_Selection_Guide_for_PPR_Piping_Systems_by_Application\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>5. \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-14327 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Common-Types-of-Valves-Used-in-PPR-Piping-Systems.jpg\" alt=\"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Common-Types-of-Valves-Used-in-PPR-Piping-Systems.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Common-Types-of-Valves-Used-in-PPR-Piping-Systems-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Common-Types-of-Valves-Used-in-PPR-Piping-Systems-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Common-Types-of-Valves-Used-in-PPR-Piping-Systems-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Common-Types-of-Valves-Used-in-PPR-Piping-Systems-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"44\">\u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"45\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #003473;\">5.1 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 (\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"47\">\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"48\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"48,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"48,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/b> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"48,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"48,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f:<\/b> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 <b data-path-to-node=\"48,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"49\">\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 5 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 15874<\/b>, \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (<strong><em>T<\/em><sub>\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/sub><\/strong>) \u0645\u0646 100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"48,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"48,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645:<\/b> \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 PPR \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 <b data-path-to-node=\"48,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"71\">\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 CW617N<\/b>. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 <b data-path-to-node=\"48,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"128\">\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f PN20 \u0623\u0648 PN25<\/b> \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #003473;\">5.2 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"50\">\u062a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"51\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"51,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"51,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/b> \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 (\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"51,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"51,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f:<\/b> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 <b data-path-to-node=\"51,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"75\">NSF\/ANSI\/CAN 61<\/b>. \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627. <b data-path-to-node=\"51,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"217\">\u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/b> \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a 8 \u0648 10) \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"51,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"51,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645:<\/b> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 PPR \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 DZR \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #003473;\">5.3 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"53\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"54\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"54,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/b> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"54,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f:<\/b> \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (<strong><em>\u0631<\/em><sub>a<\/sub><\/strong>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 ) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0640 <b data-path-to-node=\"54,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"234\">0.007 \u0645\u0645<\/b> \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"54,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645:<\/b> <b data-path-to-node=\"54,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"17\">\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 PPR \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d<\/b> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0647\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0641\u0651\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Sourcing_PPR_Valves_The_Ctube_Zero-Risk_Manufacturing_Guarantee\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\">6. \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a PPR: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 Ctube<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-14331 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Key-Factors-to-Consider-When-Choosing-Valves-for-PPR-Piping-Systems.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a PPR: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 Ctube\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Key-Factors-to-Consider-When-Choosing-Valves-for-PPR-Piping-Systems.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Key-Factors-to-Consider-When-Choosing-Valves-for-PPR-Piping-Systems-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Key-Factors-to-Consider-When-Choosing-Valves-for-PPR-Piping-Systems-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Key-Factors-to-Consider-When-Choosing-Valves-for-PPR-Piping-Systems-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Key-Factors-to-Consider-When-Choosing-Valves-for-PPR-Piping-Systems-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"57\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0641\u064a Ctube\u060c \u0635\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a PPR \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"58\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 Ctube\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639:<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"58\"><span style=\"color: #003473;\">6.1 100% CW617N \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-14329 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Function-of-PPR-Valve.jpg\" alt=\"\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 CW617N \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 PPR\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Function-of-PPR-Valve.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Function-of-PPR-Valve-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Function-of-PPR-Valve-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Function-of-PPR-Valve-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Function-of-PPR-Valve-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Ctube \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629. <b data-path-to-node=\"60\" data-index-in-node=\"142\">\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 CW617N \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/b> \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643. \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\">6.2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"62\">\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a Ctube \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"63\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0646\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 (100%). \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a Ctube PPR \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"63\"><span style=\"color: #003473;\">6.3 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"65\">\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Ctube \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 <b data-path-to-node=\"65\" data-index-in-node=\"253\">NSF \u0648 ISO \u0648 DIN<\/b> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"66\">\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 Ctube\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u062d\u0635 100% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Conclusion\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>7. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a - \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 - \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003473;\">\u0633\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0648\u0628<\/span><\/strong><\/a>, \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Engineering_References_International_Code_Registries\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\">8. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"69\">\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"70\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"70,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"70,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">ISO 15874-1 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646):<\/b> \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 <strong><a class=\"ng-star-inserted\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/54134.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-hveid=\"0\" data-ved=\"0CAAQ_4QMahgKEwihgvirgdaUAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQhgI\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 (ISO)<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"70,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"70,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">ISO 15874-5 (\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 5000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629):<\/b> \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <strong><a class=\"ng-star-inserted\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/54158.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-hveid=\"0\" data-ved=\"0CAAQ_4QMahgKEwihgvirgdaUAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQhwI\">\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 ISO<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"70,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"70,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">NSF\/ANSI\/CAN 61 (\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 - \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629):<\/b> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 (SPAC) \u0639\u0628\u0631 <strong><a class=\"ng-star-inserted\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nsf.org\/knowledge-library\/nsf-ansi-standard-61-drinking-water-system-components-health-effects\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-hveid=\"0\" data-ved=\"0CAAQ_4QMahgKEwihgvirgdaUAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQiAI\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 NSF \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_FAQs\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>9. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div id=\"rank-math-rich-snippet-wrapper\"><div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">1. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628.<br \/>\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &quot;\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 PPR&quot;\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PPR \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a - \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">2. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PPR\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">3. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 PPR \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">4. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 PPR \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645.<br \/>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 - \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">5. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628. \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a PPR \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<br \/>\n\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">6. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 PN16 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 PN20 \u0623\u0648 PN25\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PPR \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 5)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 PN16 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 PN20\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 PN20 \u0623\u0648 PN25 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">7. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NSF\/ANSI 61\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 NSF International \u0623\u0648 IAPMO \u0623\u0648 WRAS).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (SPAC).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-8\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">8. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 Ctube \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a (B2B)\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 Ctube \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a (OEM) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a (ODM) \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 PPR\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c OEM \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 NSF \u0648ISO \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-9\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">9. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a Ra \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a 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\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.007 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1.\u00a0 Introduction In municipal utility design, high-rise commercial infrastructures, and critical industrial piping layouts, an entire fluid distribution network is only as secure as its weakest isolation mechanism. While procurement managers routinely dedicate substantial resources to auditing and certifying PPR linear pipes, the selection of PPR in-line valves is frequently treated as a secondary component [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14330,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[350,143],"tags":[334,349],"class_list":["post-14275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-plumbing-solutions","category-industry-news","tag-ppr-pipe","tag-ppr-valve"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14275"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14457,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14275\/revisions\/14457"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14275"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0648\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}