{"id":14284,"date":"2026-04-23T09:34:22","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T09:34:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/?p=14284"},"modified":"2026-05-08T09:42:24","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T09:42:24","slug":"%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a8-ppr-%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/ppr-pipe-sizes-application-guide-choosing-the-right-diameter-for-your-project.html","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR (20-160 \u0645\u0645): \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 15874"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #444444;color:#444444\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #444444;color:#444444\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/ppr-pipe-sizes-application-guide-choosing-the-right-diameter-for-your-project.html\/#1_Introduction\" >1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/ppr-pipe-sizes-application-guide-choosing-the-right-diameter-for-your-project.html\/#2_What_Are_PPR_Pipe_Sizes_Understanding_the_Basics\" >2. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR\u061f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/ppr-pipe-sizes-application-guide-choosing-the-right-diameter-for-your-project.html\/#3_PPR_Pipe_Industry_Standards_Compliance\" >3. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/ppr-pipe-sizes-application-guide-choosing-the-right-diameter-for-your-project.html\/#4_Common_PPR_Pipe_Sizes_and_Specifications\" >4. \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/ppr-pipe-sizes-application-guide-choosing-the-right-diameter-for-your-project.html\/#5_How_to_Choose_the_Right_PPR_Pipe_Size\" >5. \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/ppr-pipe-sizes-application-guide-choosing-the-right-diameter-for-your-project.html\/#6_Application_Scenarios_of_Different_PPR_Pipe_Sizes\" >6. \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/ppr-pipe-sizes-application-guide-choosing-the-right-diameter-for-your-project.html\/#7_Pressure_vs_Temperature_Lifetime_Chart_of_PPR_Pipe\" >7. \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/ppr-pipe-sizes-application-guide-choosing-the-right-diameter-for-your-project.html\/#8_Factors_Affecting_PPR_Pipe_Size_Selection\" >8. Factors Affecting PPR Pipe Size Selection<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/ppr-pipe-sizes-application-guide-choosing-the-right-diameter-for-your-project.html\/#9_Strategic_Sourcing_A_Guide_for_B2B_Buyers_Contractors\" >9. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/ppr-pipe-sizes-application-guide-choosing-the-right-diameter-for-your-project.html\/#10_Conclusion\" >10. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/news\/ppr-pipe-sizes-application-guide-choosing-the-right-diameter-for-your-project.html\/#11_FAQs\" >11. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Introduction\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a (PPR) \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 PPR \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0630\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0630\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-14345\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/How-to-Choose-the-Right-PPR-Pipe-Size.jpg\" alt=\"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/How-to-Choose-the-Right-PPR-Pipe-Size.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/How-to-Choose-the-Right-PPR-Pipe-Size-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/How-to-Choose-the-Right-PPR-Pipe-Size-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/How-to-Choose-the-Right-PPR-Pipe-Size-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/How-to-Choose-the-Right-PPR-Pipe-Size-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_What_Are_PPR_Pipe_Sizes_Understanding_the_Basics\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\">2. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR\u061f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,1\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c, <b data-path-to-node=\"5,1\" data-index-in-node=\"39\">\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR<\/b> \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. <b data-path-to-node=\"5,1\" data-index-in-node=\"307\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0645\u0645)<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,2\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"5,3\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (DN):<\/b> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 20 \u0645\u0645\u060c 25 \u0645\u0645\u060c 32 \u0645\u0645).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,3,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,3,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (PN):<\/b> \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 20 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 PN25 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 PN10 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,4\">\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"5,4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_PPR_Pipe_Industry_Standards_Compliance\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\">3. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,4\">\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,1\">\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: <b data-path-to-node=\"5,1\" data-index-in-node=\"154\">ISO 15874<\/b>, <b data-path-to-node=\"5,1\" data-index-in-node=\"165\">DIN 8077<\/b>\u060c \u0648 <b data-path-to-node=\"5,1\" data-index-in-node=\"179\">DIN 8078<\/b>. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <b data-path-to-node=\"5,1\" data-index-in-node=\"242\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (SDR)<\/b> \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,2,0,0\"><em><b data-path-to-node=\"5,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/b><\/em> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 <b data-path-to-node=\"5,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"56\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 SDR<\/b>. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 SDR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Common_PPR_Pipe_Sizes_and_Specifications\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>4. \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (OD)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (DN)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062b\u0644 PN10 \u0648PN16 \u0648PN20.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 S) \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (SDR) \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-14342\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Common-PPR-Pipe-Sizes-and-Specifications.jpg\" alt=\"\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Common-PPR-Pipe-Sizes-and-Specifications.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Common-PPR-Pipe-Sizes-and-Specifications-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Common-PPR-Pipe-Sizes-and-Specifications-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Common-PPR-Pipe-Sizes-and-Specifications-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Common-PPR-Pipe-Sizes-and-Specifications-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>4.1 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a (20 \u0645\u0645 - 160 \u0645\u0645)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u064a\u064f\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0636\u063a\u0637 PN.<\/p>\n<p><!-- Title --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color: #004080; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px; font-family: Jost, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR<\/div>\n<p><!-- Table --><\/p>\n<table data-path-to-node=\"10\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (OD)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>PN10 (SDR11)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>PN16 (SDR7.4)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>PN20 (SDR6)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>PN25 (SDR5)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">20 \u0645\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,1,1,0\">\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,1,2,0\">1.9 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,1,3,0\">2.3 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,1,4,0\">2.8 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,1,5,0\">3.4 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">25 \u0645\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,2,1,0\">3\/4 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,2,2,0\">2.3 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,2,3,0\">2.8 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,2,4,0\">3.5 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,2,5,0\">4.2 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">32 \u0645\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,3,1,0\">1 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,3,2,0\">2.9 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,3,3,0\">3.6 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,3,4,0\">4.4 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,3,5,0\">5.4 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,4,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">40 \u0645\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,4,1,0\">1 1\/4 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,4,2,0\">3.7 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,4,3,0\">4.5 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,4,4,0\">5.5 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,4,5,0\">6.7 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,5,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">50 \u0645\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,5,1,0\">1 1\/2 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,5,2,0\">4.6 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,5,3,0\">5.6 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,5,4,0\">6.9 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,5,5,0\">8.3 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,6,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,6,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">63 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,6,1,0\">2 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,6,2,0\">5.8 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,6,3,0\">7.1 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,6,4,0\">8.6 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,6,5,0\">10.5 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,7,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,7,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">75 \u0645\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,7,1,0\">2 1\/2 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,7,2,0\">6.8 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,7,3,0\">8.4 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,7,4,0\">10.3 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,7,5,0\">12.5 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,8,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,8,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">90 \u0645\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,8,1,0\">3 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,8,2,0\">8.2 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,8,3,0\">10.1 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,8,4,0\">12.3 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,8,5,0\">15.0 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,9,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,9,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">110 \u0645\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,9,1,0\">4 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,9,2,0\">10.0 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,9,3,0\">12.3 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,9,4,0\">15.1 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,9,5,0\">18.3 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,10,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,10,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">125 \u0645\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,10,1,0\">5 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,10,2,0\">11.4 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,10,3,0\">14.0 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,10,4,0\">17.1 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,10,5,0\">20.8 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,11,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,11,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">140 \u0645\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,11,1,0\">5 1\/2 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,11,2,0\">12.7 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,11,3,0\">15.7 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,11,4,0\">19.2 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,11,5,0\">23.3 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,12,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,12,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">160 \u0645\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,12,1,0\">6 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,12,2,0\">14.6 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,12,3,0\">17.9 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,12,4,0\">21.9 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"10,12,5,0\">26.6 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 DN \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 DN \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>4.2 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 PPR \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 25 \u0645\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0640 PN10 \u0623\u0648 PN16 \u0623\u0648 PN20. \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>4.3 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 S\u060c SDR\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 S \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 SDR. \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 S \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0641 SDR (\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SDR = 2S + 1<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 S \u0623\u0648 SDR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ISO \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 C = 1.5\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 C = 1.5 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- Title --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color: #004080; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px; font-family: Jost, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 S\u060c \u0648SDR\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/div>\n<p><!-- Table --><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Jost, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;\"><!-- Header --><\/p>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #003473; color: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 S<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">SDR<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 PN<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<p><!-- Row 1 --><\/p>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">S5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">SDR11<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">PN10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p><!-- Row 2 --><\/p>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #d9e6f2;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">S4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">SDR9<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">PN12.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p><!-- Row 3 --><\/p>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">S3.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">SDR7.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">PN16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p><!-- Row 4 --><\/p>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #d9e6f2;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">S2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">SDR6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">PN20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>4.4 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062b\u0644 PN10 \u0648PN16 \u0648PN20 \u0648PN25\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 PN \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 20 \u064850 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 63 \u064875 \u064890 \u0648110 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>4.5 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 DN \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 PPR \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_How_to_Choose_the_Right_PPR_Pipe_Size\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>5. \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-14344\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Factors-Affecting-PPR-Pipe-Size-Selection.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Factors-Affecting-PPR-Pipe-Size-Selection.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Factors-Affecting-PPR-Pipe-Size-Selection-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Factors-Affecting-PPR-Pipe-Size-Selection-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Factors-Affecting-PPR-Pipe-Size-Selection-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Factors-Affecting-PPR-Pipe-Size-Selection-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>5.1 \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 25 \u0645\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 32 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 40 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>5.2 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0631 20 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 25 \u0645\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 - \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 - \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>5.3 \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 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\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.6 \u06482.0 \u0645\u062a\u0631\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>5.4 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (PN)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (PN)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645 S \u0648SDR)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0645: \u0641\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a PN \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 C = 1.5. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 - \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>5.5 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a: 32 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639: 25 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628: 20 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Application_Scenarios_of_Different_PPR_Pipe_Sizes\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>6. \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><!-- Title --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color: #004080; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px; font-family: Jost, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR<\/div>\n<p><!-- Table --><\/p>\n<table data-path-to-node=\"15\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"15,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,1,1,0\">PN10 \/ PN16<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,1,2,0\">20 \u0645\u0645 - 32 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,1,3,0\">\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"15,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,2,1,0\">PN20 \/ PN25<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,2,2,0\">25 \u0645\u0645 - 63 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,2,3,0\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"15,3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,3,1,0\">PN16 \/ PN20<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,3,2,0\">16 \u0645\u0645 - 25 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,3,3,0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,4,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"15,4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,4,1,0\">PN16<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,4,2,0\">50 \u0645\u0645 - 160 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,4,3,0\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,5,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"15,5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0646\u0627\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,5,1,0\">PN25<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,5,2,0\">40 \u0645\u0645 - 110 \u0645\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"15,5,3,0\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-14341\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Application-Scenarios-of-Different-PPR-Pipe-Sizes.jpg\" alt=\"\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Application-Scenarios-of-Different-PPR-Pipe-Sizes.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Application-Scenarios-of-Different-PPR-Pipe-Sizes-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Application-Scenarios-of-Different-PPR-Pipe-Sizes-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Application-Scenarios-of-Different-PPR-Pipe-Sizes-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Application-Scenarios-of-Different-PPR-Pipe-Sizes-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>6.1 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 20 \u0645\u0645 \u064825 \u0645\u0645 \u064832 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>6.2 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 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style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>6.4 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Pressure_vs_Temperature_Lifetime_Chart_of_PPR_Pipe\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\">7. \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 PPR \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><!-- Title --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color: #004080; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px; font-family: Jost, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/div>\n<div>\n<table data-path-to-node=\"20\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 (\u00b0\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 (PN20)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 (PN25)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,1,1,0\">50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,1,2,0\">20.0 \u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,1,3,0\">25.0 \u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,2,1,0\">50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,2,2,0\">13.7 \u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,2,3,0\">17.1 \u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,3,1,0\">50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,3,2,0\">9.3 \u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,3,3,0\">11.6 \u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,4,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,4,1,0\">50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,4,2,0\">6.7 \u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,4,3,0\">8.4 \u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,5,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">80 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,5,1,0\">25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,5,2,0\">5.1 \u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"20,5,3,0\">6.4 \u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Factors_Affecting_PPR_Pipe_Size_Selection\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>8. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR<\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>tion<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064c \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-14343\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ctube-PPR-Pipe.jpg\" alt=\"\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 Ctube PPR\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ctube-PPR-Pipe.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ctube-PPR-Pipe-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ctube-PPR-Pipe-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ctube-PPR-Pipe-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ctube-PPR-Pipe-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>8.1 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>8.2 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 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400;\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>8.5 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Strategic_Sourcing_A_Guide_for_B2B_Buyers_Contractors\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\">9. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24,1\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"24,2\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"24,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a:<\/b> \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 (PPR) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 63 \u0645\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (Stabi) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24,2,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"24,2,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 (MFI) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642:<\/b> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (MFI). \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629&quot; \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24,2,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"24,2,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631:<\/b> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 110 \u0645\u0645 \u0648 160 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b data-path-to-node=\"24,3\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">9.1 \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/b> <\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 PPR \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 ISO 15874.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%84\/\"> <b data-path-to-node=\"24,3\" data-index-in-node=\"124\">\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643!<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Conclusion\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>10. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (PN).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-imt-p=\"1\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 - \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 20 \u064832 \u0645\u0644\u0645 - \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<span class=\"notranslate immersive-translate-target-wrapper\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-14348\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ctube-PPR-Pipe-high-quality.jpg\" alt=\"\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 Ctube PPR \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ctube-PPR-Pipe-high-quality.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ctube-PPR-Pipe-high-quality-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ctube-PPR-Pipe-high-quality-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ctube-PPR-Pipe-high-quality-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ctube-PPR-Pipe-high-quality-600x420.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><a style=\"color: #003473;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/\"><strong>\u0633\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0648\u0628<\/strong><\/a><\/span> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 Ctube \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642. \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a Ctube \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_FAQs\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003473;\"><b>11. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div id=\"rank-math-rich-snippet-wrapper\"><div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">1. \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 DN \u0648 OD \u0648 PN \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (DN) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (OD) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 PN \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">2. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">3. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PPR \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 20 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064825 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064832 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">4. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b - \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 - \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">5. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 32 \u064850 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 63 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">6. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 20 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 63 \u0645\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 15 \u064825 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u062d\u062a\u0649 160 \u0645\u0645)\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u0629 30 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">7. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 4 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-8\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">8. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644) \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-9\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">9. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (MTC) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ISO 15874.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-10\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">10. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 160 \u0645\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 40HQ\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d &quot;\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 20 \u0645\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 110 \u0645\u0645) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Introduction In modern plumbing and water distribution systems, PPR (Polypropylene Random Copolymer) pipes have become a widely preferred solution due to their durability, corrosion resistance, and long service life. From residential buildings to commercial and industrial applications, PPR systems are valued for their reliability and ease of installation. However, beyond material quality and system [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14346,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[350,143],"tags":[334],"class_list":["post-14284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-plumbing-solutions","category-industry-news","tag-ppr-pipe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14284"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14284\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14431,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14284\/revisions\/14431"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ctube-gr.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14284"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0648\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}